My first DIY subwoofer

124

Comments

  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Damn, well I think you just made up my mind about how to finish this thing off :D
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • BIZILL
    BIZILL Posts: 5,432
    edited November 2009
    i figure if it's good enough for svs, then it's good enough for me. and yes, that's my old 12.2 driver from my svs after i upgraded to the 12.3's. everyone else sold theirs off. i utilized mine for the truck since it was a nice 4 ohm driver and i have a spare sitting in my spare room for backup. but this thing slams and hadles the 500 watt rockford with ease.

    and like i said, the rattle cans i used had some sort of provision on it where depending on how you adjust the nozzle, it would come out less textured or more. mine is very tough and durable yet not gritty at all. textured for sure. but very attractive. a smooth texture.

    i can see how one could go wrong choosing this route though. it's alot tougher than painting with a normal spraypaint can. the texturing takes a bit of getting used to. my first can was more or less a practice can. but even if you mess up, you can layer this stuff over and over, so no worries.

    POLK SDA-SRS 1.2TL -- ADCOM GFA-5802
    PANASONIC PT-AE4000U -- DIY WILSONART DW 135" 2.35:1 SCREEN
    ONKYO TX-SR805
    CENTER: CSI5
    MAINS: RTI8'S
    SURROUNDS: RTI8'S
    7.1 SURROUNDS: RTI6'S
    SUB: SVS PB12-PLUS/2 (12.3 series)

    XBOX 360
    WiiPS3/blu-rayTOSHIBA HD-A35 hd dvd

    http://polkarmy.com/forums/index.php
    bobman1235 wrote:
    I have no facts to back that up, but I never let facts get in the way of my arguments.
  • sTiLlLeArNiNg
    sTiLlLeArNiNg Posts: 805
    edited November 2009
    I know you don't really care for my input but here it is anyway's:

    Looking good! For a "textured" finish have a look see if you can find "fleck stone" spray bomb's, we used it all the time when we were younger because carpetting a box was not an option for us. I think DuPont is the manufacturer :confused:

    The fleckstone is a mix of white/gray/black and has a similar finish to the bed liner stuff (coarse texture but not sand paper like) and is easier to work with IMHO Overall it is a med/light finish so you could still get that contrast of the light finish with dark component's you were pondering earlier ;)

    :o
    Media Room 7.1
    Sharp lc37d64u | Sanus vmsab-03 | Sonax ZX8680 | Yamaha htr-6290b | Emotiva xpa1 x 2 & xpa5 | RTiA 9 & 7 | CSiA 6 | FXiA 6 | Sanus NF30B-03 | Velodyne dls-3750r | Dual 505-3 m97xe | Monster avs2000/hts5100

    HTPC
    Intel e5300 | Asus p5q DLX | LG ch08 BD | OCZ 4g reaper2 | WD 1TB | Sapphire 4890 VaporX 1g | Asus Xonar HDAV 1.3 | OCZ modXtreme 700w | Antec Fusion remote MAX

    A fool and his money are easily parted
    I don't drink Koolaid

    Need some cable's? Just ask :)
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    I know you don't really care for my input but here it is anyway's:

    Looking good! For a "textured" finish have a look see if you can find "fleck stone" spray bomb's, we used it all the time when we were younger because carpetting a box was not an option for us. I think DuPont is the manufacturer :confused:

    The fleckstone is a mix of white/gray/black and has a similar finish to the bed liner stuff (coarse texture but not sand paper like) and is easier to work with IMHO Overall it is a med/light finish so you could still get that contrast of the light finish with dark component's you were pondering earlier ;)

    :o

    What's with the first comment? :eek:

    I take everyone's opinion into consideration, unless they're on my ignore list and you're not on it :D

    I'll google it now then, I have considered the bed-liner stuff before even asking it on here but I've always seen the really sand-paper coarse stuff. I'll see what's less expensive as well since that was my goal when building this thing. Even if I stopped at the primer-stage, it's a sick sub and hits damn low.
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • greg2350
    greg2350 Posts: 544
    edited November 2009
    Maybe something like this I bought this box like this looks and feels like a type of bedliner coating. sorry not much help wish I knew what was used it does have a nice finish and very durable. Has anyone thought of using a SR124 for a DIY home sub seems pretty beefy and would be up to the task.
    SANY0093.jpg
    TV: Philips 42" LCD 1080p
    Front Speakers: Polk Audio RT800i
    Center Speaker: Polk Audio CS1
    Surround Speakers: Polk Audio R50's powered of Denon AVR
    Subwoofer: Polk Audio DSW pro500
    AVR: Denon 3801
    DVD Player: Denon DVM 745 upscale 1080p
    Sat: Directtv HD 10
    Front Speakers Amp: Rotel RB 890
    Center Speaker amp: Rotel 970 BX
  • sTiLlLeArNiNg
    sTiLlLeArNiNg Posts: 805
    edited November 2009
    kawizx9r wrote: »
    What's with the first comment? :eek:

    Meh just being a butthead :p
    Media Room 7.1
    Sharp lc37d64u | Sanus vmsab-03 | Sonax ZX8680 | Yamaha htr-6290b | Emotiva xpa1 x 2 & xpa5 | RTiA 9 & 7 | CSiA 6 | FXiA 6 | Sanus NF30B-03 | Velodyne dls-3750r | Dual 505-3 m97xe | Monster avs2000/hts5100

    HTPC
    Intel e5300 | Asus p5q DLX | LG ch08 BD | OCZ 4g reaper2 | WD 1TB | Sapphire 4890 VaporX 1g | Asus Xonar HDAV 1.3 | OCZ modXtreme 700w | Antec Fusion remote MAX

    A fool and his money are easily parted
    I don't drink Koolaid

    Need some cable's? Just ask :)
  • BIZILL
    BIZILL Posts: 5,432
    edited November 2009
    i was going to request, before i laid my head down to rest, please please please don't use the fleck.

    POLK SDA-SRS 1.2TL -- ADCOM GFA-5802
    PANASONIC PT-AE4000U -- DIY WILSONART DW 135" 2.35:1 SCREEN
    ONKYO TX-SR805
    CENTER: CSI5
    MAINS: RTI8'S
    SURROUNDS: RTI8'S
    7.1 SURROUNDS: RTI6'S
    SUB: SVS PB12-PLUS/2 (12.3 series)

    XBOX 360
    WiiPS3/blu-rayTOSHIBA HD-A35 hd dvd

    http://polkarmy.com/forums/index.php
    bobman1235 wrote:
    I have no facts to back that up, but I never let facts get in the way of my arguments.
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    BIZILL wrote: »
    i was going to request, before i laid my head down to rest, please please please don't use the fleck.

    LOL

    Got it. At about 15 bucks per can (for 4 cans) of that liner though comes out to as much as I paid for the driver itself!

    I'll check some out today at some nearby automotive shops, and see if I can get by with 3 cans.
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Bring it out here. I'll paint it, or have my buddy paint it in his spray booth. :)
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Bring it out here. I'll paint it, or have my buddy paint it in his spray booth. :)

    I thought about hitting Nik up, he was interested in my bike jacket for the longest time and it seemed like a fair trade but I don't know if he still wants/needs it.

    You making some of that crazy lasagna? Might have to make a trip down there sometime lol :D
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    kawizx9r wrote: »
    I thought about hitting Nik up, he was interested in my bike jacket for the longest time and it seemed like a fair trade but I don't know if he still wants/needs it.

    You making some of that crazy lasagna? Might have to make a trip down there sometime lol :D

    Nik will do a better job than either i or my buddy will, so do that instead. I can make lasagna, or whatever else you have a hankerin' for. :D
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • sTiLlLeArNiNg
    sTiLlLeArNiNg Posts: 805
    edited November 2009
    BIZILL wrote: »
    i was going to request, before i laid my head down to rest, please please please don't use the fleck.

    What's wrong with the "fleck"? We used to use it all the time and never had any trouble with it....
    Media Room 7.1
    Sharp lc37d64u | Sanus vmsab-03 | Sonax ZX8680 | Yamaha htr-6290b | Emotiva xpa1 x 2 & xpa5 | RTiA 9 & 7 | CSiA 6 | FXiA 6 | Sanus NF30B-03 | Velodyne dls-3750r | Dual 505-3 m97xe | Monster avs2000/hts5100

    HTPC
    Intel e5300 | Asus p5q DLX | LG ch08 BD | OCZ 4g reaper2 | WD 1TB | Sapphire 4890 VaporX 1g | Asus Xonar HDAV 1.3 | OCZ modXtreme 700w | Antec Fusion remote MAX

    A fool and his money are easily parted
    I don't drink Koolaid

    Need some cable's? Just ask :)
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Deleted
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Nik will do a better job than either i or my buddy will, so do that instead. I can make lasagna, or whatever else you have a hankerin' for. :D

    Don't tempt me, I'm getting hungry now just thinking about it. Can't wait to try those Scarlets, although whenever some funds free up I might just buy them from you.

    To think in this economy we're still buying/selling audio gear :p
    What's wrong with the "fleck"? We used to use it all the time and never had any trouble with it....

    I have no problems with it, but if I can pay a little more for something absolutely rugged and that'll last awhile....I think I'll go with that choice instead.
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • BIZILL
    BIZILL Posts: 5,432
    edited November 2009
    What's wrong with the "fleck"? We used to use it all the time and never had any trouble with it....

    you can be left with little fleck pieces that flake off when brushed up against. i guess you could clear it. it's just a personal opinion. nothing "wrong" with it. just feel there are better options out there. and yes, i've fleckstoned many things in my time.

    POLK SDA-SRS 1.2TL -- ADCOM GFA-5802
    PANASONIC PT-AE4000U -- DIY WILSONART DW 135" 2.35:1 SCREEN
    ONKYO TX-SR805
    CENTER: CSI5
    MAINS: RTI8'S
    SURROUNDS: RTI8'S
    7.1 SURROUNDS: RTI6'S
    SUB: SVS PB12-PLUS/2 (12.3 series)

    XBOX 360
    WiiPS3/blu-rayTOSHIBA HD-A35 hd dvd

    http://polkarmy.com/forums/index.php
    bobman1235 wrote:
    I have no facts to back that up, but I never let facts get in the way of my arguments.
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Sanded down, coat of primer, sanded down again, another coat....and I've got errands to run. After I'm thinking I get to sand it down again so it's ready for paint but it's getting late and the weather isn't looking too good ahead of me so I think it's going to stay like this awhile. Put it all back together and it's sitting back next to my Maggie.........now if only I had a power cord to plug it in with.

    SNV12313.jpg
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • BIZILL
    BIZILL Posts: 5,432
    edited November 2009
    damn dude, you got me wanting to make my own DIY sub for to accompany my sda's that i've been procrastinating getting done! it doesn't look like you'll be able to pull it very far away from the side wall. but if you need to, you can pull it forward if it seems "boomy" from corner-loading.

    POLK SDA-SRS 1.2TL -- ADCOM GFA-5802
    PANASONIC PT-AE4000U -- DIY WILSONART DW 135" 2.35:1 SCREEN
    ONKYO TX-SR805
    CENTER: CSI5
    MAINS: RTI8'S
    SURROUNDS: RTI8'S
    7.1 SURROUNDS: RTI6'S
    SUB: SVS PB12-PLUS/2 (12.3 series)

    XBOX 360
    WiiPS3/blu-rayTOSHIBA HD-A35 hd dvd

    http://polkarmy.com/forums/index.php
    bobman1235 wrote:
    I have no facts to back that up, but I never let facts get in the way of my arguments.
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    BIZILL wrote: »
    damn dude, you got me wanting to make my own DIY sub for to accompany my sda's that i've been procrastinating getting done! it doesn't look like you'll be able to pull it very far away from the side wall. but if you need to, you can pull it forward if it seems "boomy" from corner-loading.

    I've got the gain at about.....1/5th and cross-over at around 60hz. I'm surprised how quick this sub plays but I'm still looking to try something musical. Was hoping I could finish it up so I can sell it but it looks like I'll put that off for awhile as well.
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Freddy, you're lacking a power cord? You need anything special? Or just a regular 2-prong male to 3-prong female?
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Freddy, you're lacking a power cord? You need anything special? Or just a regular 2-prong male to 3-prong female?

    I'm lacking one now only because the preamp I got didn't have one so I used the one that I had bought for my sub. Funny thing is I drove everywhere until I found one - http://www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=3875423

    I had gone to Radioshack (2-3 diff ones), hardware stores, target, a bunch of diff. places and they all had the one with the circular end on it (that ps3/ps2 uses). It was only like 8 bucks but how much $ was it in gas?! lol
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Oh, so you're good now? I have a couple spare OCZ ones from my old computer builds, and i don't think there's really any difference fundamentally. Might not sound as good as a $1000 cord, but it should work. I'll test one on something tonite.
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Oh, so you're good now? I have a couple spare OCZ ones from my old computer builds, and i don't think there's really any difference fundamentally. Might not sound as good as a $1000 cord, but it should work. I'll test one on something tonite.

    No I'm not lol

    I mean't the power had I was using for the sub is being used for the preamp. I took the tv's power cord temporarily to hook my sub up....since the wife's not home and I've got tunes going. Can't say I'll have tunes going with the sub later on when she gets home :rolleyes:
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Well.... AC power cord is an AC power cord.

    Shoot me your address, i'll get one out in the mail for you this week.
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Well.... AC power cord is an AC power cord.

    Shoot me your address, i'll get one out in the mail for you this week.

    I'm afraid to see the Scarlets come in lol.

    End up buying something I don't need :p
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Don't you dare shoot down my dastardly plan!
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Don't you dare shoot down my dastardly plan!

    LOL

    I'll probably end up grabbing them, my wifes pretty supportive of my 'hobby'...I mean I was looking at different pairs of Klipsch KG's and was telling her I'd like something for the bedroom. She said I can get'em as long as she's not buying them so I'm in the clear :D
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    Well... do you want me to just wait for you to cough up the loot and i'll just stick a free AC power cord in the package?

    Or do you want to demo them and i'll stick a free AC power cord in the package?
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    Id still like to demo them, but whatever works for you tbh. How much thicker are those scarlets as opposed to the sidewinders?
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.
  • concealer404
    concealer404 Posts: 7,440
    edited November 2009
    kawizx9r wrote: »
    Id still like to demo them, but whatever works for you tbh. How much thicker are those scarlets as opposed to the sidewinders?

    They don't seem a whole lot thicker, but they've got a "scarlet" rubber/plastic covering instead of the braided covering on the sidewinders. They're just heavier, and the connectors seem to be of higher quality.

    God i keep forgetting. I PROMISE i'll update the thread with pics tonite.
    I don't read the newsssspaperssss because dey aaaallllllllll...... have ugly print.

    Living Room: B&K Reference 5 S2 / Parasound HCA-1000A / Emotiva XDA-2 / Pioneer BDP-51FD / Paradigm 11se MKiii

    Desk: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / ISK HD9999

    Office: Schiit Magni 2 Uber / Schiit Modi 2 Uber / Dynaco SCA-80Q / Paradigm Legend V.3

    HT: Denon AVR-X3400H / Sony UBP-X700 / RT16 / CS350LS / RT7 / SVS PB1000
  • kawizx9r
    kawizx9r Posts: 5,150
    edited November 2009
    They don't seem a whole lot thicker, but they've got a "scarlet" rubber/plastic covering instead of the braided covering on the sidewinders. They're just heavier, and the connectors seem to be of higher quality.

    God i keep forgetting. I PROMISE i'll update the thread with pics tonite.

    LOL

    Are the sidewinder connectors that you have all-red plastic looking ones or these that I have here since you're comparing them to your SW's :D

    SNV11845.jpg

    Btw, you owe that thread LOTS of pics :mad:
    Truck setup
    Alpine 9856
    Phoenix Gold RSD65CS

    For Sale
    Polk SR6500
    Polk SR5250
    Polk SR104


    heiney9 wrote: »
    Any clue how to use the internet? Found it in about 10 sec.